Imayini Eyodwa/Izimbobo Eziningi Ezinamandla Aphakeme Wensimbi Yokukhiya Strand

Imayini Eyodwa/Izimbobo Eziningi Zensimbi Yamandla Aphezulu Yokhiye Wokukhiya

Izikhonkwane zekhebula lezimayini zibhekisela kumahange afakwe ekugcineni kwentambo okusetshenzwa kulengwa kuyo (umucu wensimbi) emhubheni wezimayini zamalahle futhi angaqiniswa. Ngemuva kokuqina kanye nokuqina kwangaphambilini, amandla aqinile wekhebula lehange angadluliselwa endaweni esekelayo. , idlala indima yokugcina umhubhe. Idlala indima enkulu kumaphrojekthi wokwakha ingcindezi efana nezimayini, imigudu namabhuloho. Izigaba zesistimu ezijwayelekile zamahange:

(1) Ihange eliyindilinga. Lolu hlobo lwehange lunezinto ezinhle zokuzibamba. I-tensioning ngokuvamile isebenzisa ojekhi be- through-core.

(2) Ihange eliyisicaba. Amahange ayisicaba asetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukucindezela okuphambene kwamadekhi ebhuloho, ama-slabs angenalutho, namabhande amabhokisi anobude obuphansi ukwenza ukusabalalisa kwengcindezi kufane futhi kube nengqondo futhi kunciphise ukushuba kwesakhiwo.

XHUMANA MANJE

Imininingwane

Ukwakheka

Izintambo okusetshenzwa kulengwa kuzo ngokuvamile zakhiwa izintambo zocingo, amahange, izinto ezicindezelwe ngaphambili, njll.

1.Intambo yocingo

Intambo yensimbi ingenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zentambo okusetshenzwa kuyo. Yakhiwe ngezintambo eziningi zezintambo zensimbi. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukumelana nokucindezeleka kwekhebula lehange, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kufanele libe nezinga elithile lokunwebeka ukuze libhekane nezinguquko endaweni yangaphandle.

2.Amahange

Ihange lingenye ingxenye ebalulekile yekhebula lehange. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ukulungisa intambo yocingo emhlabathini noma emadwaleni ukuvimbela ukuthi ingakhishelwa ngaphandle noma ishelele. Ukukhethwa kwezinto kanye nokwakheka kwezikhonkwane kufanele kucabangele izici ezihlukahlukene njengezimo ze-geological, ukushuba kwekhebula okusetshenzwa kulengwa kanye namandla angaphandle.

3.Ukucindezelwa

Ukucindezela kuyindlela yokuthola amandla engeziwe ohlelweni lwesakhiwo ngendlela yokudonsa kwentambo yehange. Izintambo okusetshenzwa kulengwa kuzo ezicindezelwe zivame ukusetshenziswa kumabhuloho amakhulu, ukwelashwa kwesisekelo, imigodi yesisekelo ejulile, ukumba umhubhe namaphrojekthi okuzamazama komhlaba. Yandisa umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo wesistimu yesakhiwo ngokuguqula ingcindezi ecindezelayo entanjeni yensimbi yensimbi ibe yi-prestress ye-concrete noma i-rock mass.

4.Ezinye izinto ezisizayo

Ngaphezu kwezintambo zocingo, amahange namandla okucindezela, izintambo okusetshenzwa kulengwa kuzo nazo zidinga ezinye izinto ezisizayo, njengamashubhu okuvikela intambo okusetshenzwa kulengwa, amasondo okuqondisa, amathuluzi okucindezela, njll., ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha kwezintambo okusetshenzwa kulengwa kuzo.

Inqubo yokufaka

1.Umsebenzi wokulungiselela

1.1: Thola indawo yobunjiniyela kanye nobude bekhebula lehange.

1.2 : Hlela ukucaciswa kanye nendlela yokuqinisa yomucu wensimbi.

1.3: Lungiselela amathuluzi nezinto zokusebenza ezidingekayo, njengemishini yokuphakamisa, njll.

1.4: Qiniseka ukuthi indawo yokusebenza iphephile.

2.Ukufakwa kwehange

2.1: Nquma indawo yokufaka i-anchorage, futhi wenze ukutholwa komhlaba kanye nokumaka.

2.2: Gemba izimbobo futhi uhlanze uthuli, inhlabathi nokunye ukungcola emigodini.

2.3: Faka ihange, faka ihange emgodini bese uthela ukhonkolo ukuze uqinise ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ihange liqinile.

2.4: Ukuhlolwa komthwalo kufanele kwenziwe ngemva kokufaka ihange ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ihange lingakwazi ukumelana nomthwalo olindelekile.

3.Ukufakwa kwentambo

3.1: Faka izesekeli ezifana nothayi namaphedi kuhange.

3.2: Faka intambo, faka umucu wensimbi kuhange kusenesikhathi, gcina ukushuba okuthile, futhi ugcine ukuma kanye nokuba flat kwentambo.

3.3: Sebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile ukuze uqinise intambo kuze kube yilapho ukushuba kufinyelela ezidingweni zokuklama.

4.Ukushuba

4.1: Faka i-tensioner bese uxhuma izintambo.

4.2: Ukushuba ngokwezidingo zedizayini kuze kube yilapho kufinyelelwa amandla adingekayo okulayisha kuqala.

4.3: Ngesikhathi senqubo yokucindezela, intambo ngayinye kufanele iqashwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amandla okucindezela ayahlangabezana nezidingo.

4.4: Ukushuba ngokwezinga elishiwo lokucindezela, nokwenza i-tensioning kanye nokukhiya lapho izidingo zihlangatshezwana nazo.

Ukwamukela

Ngemva kokufakwa kwentambo okusetshenzwa kulengwa kuyo, ukwamukelwa kufanele kwenziwe, okuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa komthwalo, ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo, ukukalwa nokuhlola, njll. Qiniseka ukuthi ukufakwa kwentambo okusetshenzwa kulengwa kuyo kuhambisana nezindinganiso nezimfuneko ezifanele, futhi ingasetshenziswa kuphela. ngemva kokuphumelela ukuhlolwa kokwamukelwa.

Inzuzo

1. Amandla okubambelela aphezulu:

Kokubili i-prestressing kanye ne-anchoring yobude obugcwele ingasetshenziswa, futhi ukujula kokubambelela kungakhethwa ngokukhululekile.

2.Inombolo ephezulu yamahange, ukuphepha okuphezulu:

Inzuzo yalesi sakhiwo se-anchor yukuthi ngisho noma umphumela wokunamathisela womunye wezintambo zensimbi ulahlekile, ukwehluleka okuphelele kwe-anchorage ngeke kwenzeke, futhi inqwaba yezintambo zensimbi Inani lokungenayo ngeke lilinganiselwe.

3.Ububanzi obubanzi bohlelo lokusebenza:

Izikhonkwane zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokwakha ezifana nezakhiwo zezindlu, amaphrojekthi wokwakha amabhuloho, amadamu namachweba, amaphrojekthi okonga amanzi, iziteshi zikagesi kanye nezinye izinkambu zokwakha zobunjiniyela.

4.Ingasetshenziswa unomphela:

impahla imelana nokugqwala futhi imelana nokugqwala, izinzile futhi ihlala isikhathi eside, futhi yonga izindleko zezinto ezibonakalayo.

5.Isici sokuphepha esiphezulu:

Idlala indima ezinzile futhi ephephile esakhiweni futhi iyisixhumanisi sokwakha esibalulekile ekwakhiweni.